Video-Assisted Thoracoscopy in the Management of Recurrent Spontaneous Pneumothorax in the Pediatric Population

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the application of video-assisted thoracoscopy in the management of recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax in the pediatric population. PATIENTS AND METHODS Between 1995 and 1997, four patients with recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax were treated. Ages varied from 14 to 17 years. There were three males and one female. Two patients had spontaneous pneumothorax twice, and the other two had it three times. Three patients had primary spontaneous pneumothorax, and the fourth one had spontaneous pneumothorax secondary to cystic fibrosis. Computerized tomography of the chest demonstrated blebs in two patients, and in the other two it was suggestive of apical blebs but not definitive. All patients had failed treatment by tube thoracostomy. Video-assisted thoracoscopy demonstrated blebs in all patients. Removal was easily accomplished with an endoscopic automatic stapling device. The procedure was completed with mechanical pleurodesis, multiple intercostal blocks and intrapleural bupivacaine for control of pain. RESULTS All patients had a quick and uneventful recovery. Follow-up ranged from one to three years. There were no complications or subsequent recurrences of the pneumothorax. CONCLUSIONS Video-assisted thoracoscopy is a safe and effective technique in recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax. It allows for accurate identification and removal of the blebs, with quick recovery, minimal discomfort and good cosmetic results.